2012年长沙市中考英语试卷评析
本套试卷严格依据国家课程标准要求命题,难易适中。试题设计严谨,整体性强,灵活度高,力求通过实际情景和语境的设置来考查学生对基础知识的理解和运用能力。语篇选材广泛,材料新颖,贴近学生的生活;语言通俗,内容积极向上,有利于展现考生的能力水平。
听 力
【评价】本大题着重从两个方面考查学生听的能力。一是根据所听材料获取信息和观点的能力(1~15题);二是针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息的能力(16~20题)。听力内容广泛,涉及天气、乐器、服装、体育、健康等日常生活话题,较好地展现了语言在真实语境中的交际性。
【解析】第一节为单句理解,内容较浅,容易得分;第二节为对话理解,设问全面,全部以特殊疑问句形式出现。10个小题中,考查了what,where,when,why,how soon,how many,其中what占了3个小题;第三节为笔录要点,短文话题为“怎样保持健康”,要求学生听完短文后填写5个空白表格。这5个小题属主观题型,较好地将听与写的技能测试结合起来,不仅要求学生能听懂,而且要求能写出正确的词语,减少了测试中的猜测成分。
单项填空
【评价】该部分注重对基础知识的考查,多数题目都是由对话构成,重视语境的创设,使对语言知识的考查更灵活、更生活化。考点涉及冠词、不定代词、介词、数词、情态动词、被动语态、动词不定式、动词辨析、宾语从句、定语从句,突出了对动词形式的考查。
22. Don’t forget the light before you leave the room.
A. turning off B. to turn off
C. to be turned off
【解析】考查动词forget后跟动词-ing形式和不定式的区别。forget后跟动词-ing形式意为“忘记曾经做过某事”;后跟不定式意为“忘记要做某事”。答案为B。
25. —Look! Mr. Wang is standing under the tree.
—It be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Shanghai.
A. mustn’tB. must C. can’t
【解析】考查情态动词can’t的用法。must意为“一定”,表示推测,用于肯定句。can’t表示“不可能”,用于否定推测。mustn’t意为“不准、禁止”。根据答语He has gone to Shanghai. 可推断“那不可能是王先生”。选C。
26. —Your city looks beautiful.
—Yes. Many bridges last year.
A. are built B. built C. were built
【解析】考查动词过去式的被动语态。主语many bridges是动词build的承受者,动作发生在last year,选C。
28. —The model ship is wonderful.
—It me two days to make it.
A. took B. cost C. spent
【解析】考查动词辨析。选项都可以表示“花费”,spend的主语是“人”,常用于spend time/money on sth. 或spend time/money (in) doing sth. 结构。cost的主语是“物”或“事”,后接life,money,health,time等,侧重“花费”的代价。take 表示“花费”时,常用于It takes sb. time/money to do sth. 句型。选A。
完形填空
Imagine this:your parents go away on business,but you have to stay at home alone. Would life be as easy as usual? Would it be a perfect holiday for you?
Zheng Chenyu says that she would worry “Where would I find food? 31 would I cook it?” The 14-year-old girl says that she knows 32 about cooking.
“I can fill an empty stomach with tomato and egg soup,but that’s all. I think many of my classmates are the same. We wouldn’t know what to do,or how to 33 ourselves. ” said Zheng. “And I would 34 something important. I would probably watch television and then burn the soup. ” Although Zheng believes that basic life skills,such as cooking and washing clothes,are especially important,she doesn’t think teenagers get enough practice.
“As soon as I leave home,I’ll learn to cook. But now 35 do almost everything for us. We’re very 36 ,” she said.
Most teenagers only have time for their homework. They don’t have any life skills until they go to college.
37 ,Sima Yige doesn’t think so.
“I think I would be all right. I wouldn’t just eat sandwiches 38 fruit. I know how to cook some simple dishes because my mum showed me,” the 13-year-old boy said. In his 39 ,many teenagers depend too much on their parents,and there is much more to learn than cooking,like tidying up your room or even dressing 40 properly. ”
For most teenagers,it wouldn’t be a holiday at all.
【评价】短文是一篇父母出差时,对青少年在家如何生活的情况的调查。主题为“青少年除了学习外,学会其他的生活技能也非常重要”。短文材料阅读量增加,选项难度适中;试题设计遵循“以实词为主,虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化”的原则,既考查学生单词搭配、习惯用法、语法结构的掌握情况,又考查学生的语篇理解能力。
【解析】
31. (A.How B.What C.Which)A。动词cook后有代词it作宾语,不能用what或which 。
32. (A.many B.much C.little)C。根据上文,可推断这位14岁的女孩几乎不知道如何做饭。 little意为“极少、几乎没有”,表示否定意义。
33.(A.look at B.look after C.look for)B。look at“看”;look after“照顾”;look for“寻找”。该句意为:“我们总是不知道做什么或怎样照顾自己。”
34.(A.remember B.forget C.know)B。根据下句I would probably watch television and then burn soup. 可知应该填forget。意为:“我总是忘记一些重要的事情。”
35. (A.teachers B.parents C.teenagers)B。根据文章大意,显然是指“父母”。
36. (A.lazy B.crazy C.clever)A。由于父母为孩子包办几乎所有的事情,所以“现在我们很懒”。crazy“狂热的”,clever“聪明的”,不合题意。
37. (A.However B.Whatever C.Whenever)A。 由于Sima的看法不一样,表示意思转折,用however。意为“但是、可是、不过”。
38. (A.so B.or C.get)B。意为:“我恰好不愿吃三明治或水果。”or表示选择。
39.(A.way B.life C.opinion)C。 in one’s opinion 为固定搭配,意为“按某人的看法、依某人之见”。
40. (A.you B.your C.yourself)C。动词dress“穿衣服”,后接反身代词,意为“自己穿衣服”。
阅读理解
【评价】本大题共5篇短文。阅读材料的选用贴近现代生活实际,富有时代气息,把iPhone4、伦敦奥运会等热点话题加入试卷,着重考查学生在语篇层次上运用阅读策略处理信息的能力。考查内容设置注重理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意等。
【解析】
第一节为判断正误型阅读。文章描述了许多人在洛杉矶苹果专卖店排队购买iPhone 4,当天手机在美国销售一空的情况。5个正误判断题均是细节题,命题人对原句只做了细微改动,题目较容易。
第二节为选择型阅读。1)A篇文章,4个美国小孩就感恩节话题展开讨论。第46~49题为细节题,可直接从文中找到答案。第50题为主旨题。如:
Which is the best title(标题)for the passage?
A. Opinions About ThanksgivingB. How to Eat Turkey
C. How to Thank Others
从文章内容可知,孩子们对感恩节各自有不同的感受和观点。答案为A。
2)B篇文章,讲述孔令辉童年时代在父母的熏陶下如何健康成长的故事。根据文章内容,我们可以了解到家庭教育的重要性。5个小题中51、53、54为细节题;52题为词义猜测题。如:
What does the underlined word “fulfill” mean in Chinese?
A. 统一B. 使满意C. 履行
做好该题要认真阅读文章第一段,尤其是短文中最后两个关键句子:If I made a promise,I had to fulfill it,even if it was difficult. That has helped me a lot in my table tennis life. 根据句意,我们不难看出fulfill的意思为“履行”。选C。
第55题为判断题。如:
According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?
A. Kong Linghui’s parents made him be a soldier.
B. Kong Linghui’s parents helped him grow naturally and successfully.
C. Kong Linghui’s mother was a police woman.
整篇文章主要讲述孔令辉的父母从小对他的教育,父亲经常有意识地带他到乒乓球训练房,让他感受运动的魅力,培养他的兴趣。母亲在当地派出所工作,他经常与每个警察打球,并能打赢所有的警察。可见答案B和C都正确。选A。
第三节也为选择型阅读。所提供的阅读材料为图表,考查学生通过看图表获取信息、分析信息、处理信息的能力。第56题是电影广告;第57题是仁爱国际食品节广告;第58题是一张生日聚会的邀请卡片;第59题是长沙市面积、人口、区号、邮编等信息;第60题是一家青年旅馆客房价格等信息。值得一提的是,第60题图表内容与长沙2010年中考英语试卷第60题大致相同,只是考题设计不一样。
第四节为问题回答型阅读。文章话题为2012年伦敦奥运会,讲述火炬接力的相关内容。考查了1个一般疑问句,4个特殊疑问句(where,when,what,how many),学生只要认清短文提供的事实和细节(如时间、地点、有关数量等),即可做出正确回答。
总体而言,阅读部分难度不大,同学们稍加细心就能得到满分
写 作
【评价】该大题由完成对话、翻译语篇、作文三部分组成,属综合性试题。第一节以打电话为情景,采用写句子补全对话的形式,是一种“非选择式”的主观题型。选材贴近学生生活实际,所翻译的句子涉及“电话用语”、“询问对方怎么了”、表达“同情”的日常用语等,综合考查学生在真实情景中推测语句的能力。第二节为科普文章,翻译的内容框定在已给语篇的上下文中,既要理解科普知识,又要弄懂句子翻译,难度较大,有一定的区分度。第三节以“互联网”为话题,写一篇60~80词左右的作文。试题采用“半开放”形式,既限制考生随心所欲的思维,又给予考生适当的发挥空间,使得考生“有话要说”、“有话可说”,话题大家都熟悉,都有能力发挥,但能力的差异将会拉开得分差距。
第一节 完成对话
M:Hello,who’s that speaking? B: 66 .
M:Hi,Mary.
B:Hi,Jim. You didn’t come to school yesterday. 67 .
M:I was hurt in a car accident.B: 68 . Is it serious?
M:Nothing serious.B:Did you see a doctor?
M:Of course.B: 69 ?
M:The doctor asked me to stay in bed for one or two days.
B:Take care of yourself. When are you going to school?
M: 70 . I’m afraid I will miss more lessons.
B:Don’t worry. I will help you.
M:Thank you.B:You’re welcome.
【解析】
66. 根据who’s that speaking? 电话中自我介绍,可用This is Mary speaking. / Mary speaking. / This is Mary here.
67. 根据下句I was hurt in a car accident. 上句应该是询问“怎么啦?”、“ 出了什么问题?”答案为:What’s the matter? /What’s the matter with you? / What’s wrong? / What’s wrong with you?
68. 听见对方在一次汽车交通事故中受伤的消息,心里感到不安。答案为:I am sorry to hear that.
69. 根据下句的回答“医生叫我卧床休息一两天”,上句应为“医生说了什么”,答案为:What did the doctor say?
70. 此题完成问句When are you going to school? 要根据上下句内容才能做出正确回答。由于Mary受的伤没什么要紧,她担心会错过太多课程,所以此空填tomorrow较为合适。
第二节 翻译语篇
【解析】本题要求考生具备良好的语言素养,对词句的理解、固定搭配、句子类型结构等方面能够正确表达。如第72题Some birds use their colors to tell birds to stay away from their “houses” on the tree. 句中的动词词组stay away from(远离);第75题You can see him turn green as you watch. 句中的系表结构turn green(变成绿色),以及连词as引导的时间状语从句,都是英译中的要点。两个中译英的句子较难翻译,考生水平的差异能拉开得分差距。第71题“自然界色彩丰富”,答案为Nature is full of color. 第74题“这颜色与海洋植物的颜色相同”,答案为The color is the same as the sea plants. 短语be full of和句型be the same as是中译英的关键。
第三节 作文
76. 近年来,随着互联网的发展,结交网友成为中学生较为普遍的现象。请围绕该话题用英语谈谈你的看法。
要求:(1)内容包括①中学生结交网友的现状。
②中学生结交网友的利与弊。
③你对该现象的看法。
(2)字数:60~80词。
(3)短文中不得出现你的真实姓名、学校名和地名。
【解析】作文内容包括三个要点,围绕话题发表自己的看法。注意运用适当的过渡词语,如however等,使上下文之间语意连贯。可能会用到的短语有:make friends online;become popular with;express ones feeling and opinions;a waste of time;be easily cheated;be careful of等。
【One possible version】
In recent years,making friends online has become popular with the middle school students. I think chatting online can help us express freely our feeling and opinions,and even get help with our foreign language studies. However,making friends online is a waste of time. Besides,some students can be easily cheated online. As a middle school student,we should be careful of making friends online. We’d better pay more attention to our study,health and safety.
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