形容词副词比较级和最高级用法附加专项练习题【优秀范文】
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形容词和副词比较等级和最高级用法(2022/1/22 )
一.概念
英语中大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。原级即原形;比较级 表示“较……”,“更……”;最高级表示“最……”。少数形容词和副词只有原形,没有比较 级和最高级。如 right( 正确的 ), wrong , woolen( 羊毛制的 )等。
二.比较级和最高级的构成:
㈠规则变化的
又分两种情况:
⑴
单音节和少数双音节的变化规则
一般是比较级加-er ,er 发[-ə] ; 最高级加-est ,-est 发[-ist] 。分①“直接加” ” ;②“变
y
加” ” ;③“双写加”三种情况。具体如下:
①直接在词尾加-er, -est 。如 tall—taller, tallest; long—longer, longest 原词以e 结尾时直接加-r, -st。如 nicer—nicer, nicest; fine—finer, finest ②以“辅音字母+ y ”的,变
y 为
i 再加-er, -est 。如 easy—easier, easiest early—earlier, earliest; funny—funnier, funniest ③有些需要双写最后一个辅音字母在加-er, -est 。如“胖瘦大热红伤湿”等。
fat—fatter, fattest; thin—thinner, thinnest;
big—bigger, biggest; hot—hotter, hottest;
red—redder, reddest; sad—sadder, saddest wet—wetter, wettest
⑵
多音节和部分双音节的变化规则
比较级是在原形前加
more ; 最高级是在原形前加
most 。如:
interesting—more interesting, most interesting beautiful—more beautiful, most beautiful slowly—more slowly, most slowly
㈡不规则变化的
要分别单独记忆,常见的有“多少好坏老远”等。
原形
比较级
最高级
Good/well better best Bad/ill worse Worst Many/much more Most little less Least far farther farthest
.用法与句型
㈠比较级的用法和句型
比较级一般用于两者(或两方)之间的比较。主要句型如下:
⑴ A … . B more. 例:1)Bob is tall. Mike is taller. 2)A car runs fast. A train runs faster. ⑵ B more than A 例:1)Mike is taller than Bob (is). 2)A train runs faster than a car. ⑶ Who/Which … more…, A or B? 例:1)Who is taller, Mike or Bob? 2)Which of them is taller, Mike or Bob? 3)Which runs faster, a car or a train? 说明:
①此句型中 who 指人;which 一般指物。但后跟of 短语时必须用 which 代替 who 指人(因为
who
后不能跟
of
短语),如例
2 )。
②此句型中的 or 不可改为 and。
⑷more and more 句型
即“比较级
+
and
+ (同一个)比较级”句型。此句型表示“越来越……”。如果是用 more 帮助构成的比较级,只重复 more。
例:
1)Our life is better and better. 2)You look more and more beautiful. * ⑸The more …, the more … 句型
具体结构:The + 比较级 + 一个句子,the + 另一比较级 + 一个句子。表示“越……越……“。
例:The harder you study, the better grades you will get. ㈡最高级的用法和句型
最高级一般用于三者(或三者以上)之间的比较。主要句型如下:
⑴ A … . B more. C the most. 例:1)Bob is tall. Mike is taller. John is the tallest. 2)A car runs fast. A train runs faster. A plane runs (the) fastest.
⑵
the most + of + 范围;或
the most + in + 范围例:1)John is the tallest of the students. 比较:John is the tallest in the class. 2)China is the largest of the countries. 比较:China is the largest in the world. 说明:当主语和范围 属于“同类概念”时要用介词 of ;当主语和范围 不属于“同类概念”
时则用介词 in。如例 1)中第一个句子,我们可以说主语 John 是学生,后面的范围也是学生,属于“同类概念”,所以用介词
of 。而第二个句子主语
John
是学生,后面的范围是班级,不属于“同类概念”,所以用介词
in 。
⑶ Who/Which … the most…, A, B or C? 例:1)Who is tallest, Mike, Bob or John? 2)Which of them is tallest, Mike, Bob or John? 3)Which runs fastest, a car, a train or a plane? ⑷ one of the most 例:This is one of the most interesting books. ㈢原级的用法和句型
原级即原形,一般不用于比较,如:
My
bother
is
very
tall
and
thin.
但也可用于
as
…
as
句型 ,
在两者(或两方)之间进行比较。具体句型如下:
⑴肯定式:A as + adj./adv. + as B A 和
B 一样……
例:1)Mike is as tall as Bob (is). Mike 和 Bob 一样高。
2)He draws as well as the teacher (does). 他和老师画得一样好。
⑵否定式:A not so/as + adj/adv. + as B A 不如
B ……
√
要 注意译法 ,决不可译为:
A
和
B
不一样……×!
!例:1)Bob is not so/as tall as Mike (is). Bob 没有 Mike 高。
2)He doesn’t so/as well as the teacher (does). 他没有老师画得好。
说明:
①当
as
..
as
句型是否定式时,第一个
as
通常可以改用
so (见上面)
)
,但肯定式不可以。
②as … as 句型中间有时还可以插入名词,其顺序为:as + adj.+ a/an +n .+ as 。如
Japanese is (not) as difficult a language as Chinese.
* 四.值得注意的问题
㈠使用比较级句型时要准确抓住比较部分,弄清是什么和什么作比较。(有时不能单从汉语字面上去判断,要根据意义!有时还要改变句型)
例:1)他比我胖。He is fatter than me. 2)他比我的性格更外向。He is more outgoing than me(mine × ). 3)他的书法比我好。His handwriting is better than mine(me ×).
4)他的朋友比我多 。
His friends are more than mine.× →He has more friends than me. √ 5)
我们今年学的科目比去年多。
We learn more subjects this year than (we did) last year.
6)
他们班的女生比我们的女生活泼。
The girls in their class are more active than the girls in our class.
㈡比较级的范围要 排斥主语; 最高级的范围要 包含主语
⑴比较级范围要排斥主语,以避免与自身比较 。需要 排斥 时可用 other 或
else 。例:1)比较:
可以说 John is stronger than any girl in his class. √ 不可说 Tina is stronger than any girl in her class. ×
→Tina is stronger than any other girl in her class. √ 2)She is thinner than anyone in her class. × →She is thinner than anyone else in her class. √ ⑵与比较级句型相反 ,最高级的范围必须包含主语。
例:1)比较:
不可说 John is the strongest of the girls in his class.× 可以说 Tina is the strongest of the girls in her class. √ 或者说 John is the strongest of the boys in his class. √ 或者说 John is the strongest of the students in his class. √ 2 )
Mary is the tallest of
. A. the sisters B. her sisters C. her friends D. the boys
㈢最高级前的冠词问题
⑴形容词最高级前一般要用定冠词
the ;副词最高级前常省
the 。例:1)He is the best student in our class. 2)He draws (the) best in our class.
⑵比较级前已用了
one’s 等其它限定词时,必须省
the 。例:He is my best friend in our class. ㈣比较级句型中连词
than 后用
me 还是用
I 比较下列说法:
1 )
He is taller than I am. =He is taller than me. 2)He knows you better than I know you. 他比我更了解你。即:我了解你,他更了解你。
≠He knows me better than you know me.
他比你更了解我。即:你了解我,他更了解我。
说明:在不造成歧义的情况下,在than 后可用宾格人称代词
me 等代替主格人称代词
I 等。如上述例
1 )。不过在
than
后用主格人称代词时,其后常用“情
助
be ”。又如:
He
gets
up
earlier
than
I
do.
=He
gets
up
earlier
than
me.
㈤比较级句型连词
than 后的省略和代替
为了 突出和强调比较部分,比较级句型连词 than 后,通常用省略式,省略与前面主句重复的成分;或者用 代词等代替与前面主句重复的成分。见以上各例。
例:The milk in my cup is more delicious than the milk in your cup is. →The milk in my cup is more delicious than thatin yours.
㈥比较级、最高级以及
as ... as 句型中的修饰语
⑴比较级的修饰语:常见的有 still(更),even(甚至更,还要);some(稍微),any(稍微);a lot(……得多),much(……得多);a little(=a bit)(稍微,一点,一些);twice(两倍),three times(三倍)等等。
例:1)Are you feeling any better today? —Yes, I’m feeling some better. 2)He is a little(much, a head ) taller than me. 他比我稍高一点(高得多,高一头)。
3)He is twice older than me. 他的年龄比我大两倍。4)He is two years older than me. 他比我大两岁。
⑵最高级的修饰语:常见的有 much( 放于冠词 the 之前 )=very( 放于冠词 the 之后 )(最大程度地,完全), first(second, third …)等等。
例:1)This is much the best. =This is the very best. 这是最好最好的。
2 )
Huanghe River is the second longest river in our country.
3 )
He is the first tallest in our class.
⑶as … as 句型的修饰语:常见的有 about(大约), almost(几乎),just(恰恰,正好), twice(两倍),third times (三倍)等等。
例:1)He is about/almost/just as tall as me. 他大约/几乎/恰恰和我一样高。
2)He is three times as old as me. =He is twice older than me. ㈦比较级句型、最高级句型和(not) as … as 句型的转换 ——三种句型之间可以转换例:1)She is the thinnest in her class. =She is thinner than anyone else in her class.
=She is not as fat as anyone else in her class.
2)This ruler is twice as long as that one.
=This ruler is once longer than that one.
㈧比较级前用
the 的一种情况
比较级前一般不用冠词,但表示“两者中较……的一个”时要用the。例:He is the stronger of the two. (strong 强壮的) 此时,也可用最高级:He is the strongest of the two.(但是较少用)
㈨几组应特别注意的比较级
⑴more 的用法 ——有 3 个 ①作 many 或 much 的比较级。如I have more books(bread) than he does. ②帮助多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级。如I’m more outgoing than my sister. *③放于表数量的词之后,表示“另外的”、“另加的”、“还(有)”、“再”等。如 1 )
The child has ate some apples. And he wants two more (apples).这个孩子吃了两个苹果了,他还想再要两个/一些。2)Would you like some more rice?要不要再来点米? 3)A few more students went.又有几个学生回家了。
⑵most 的用法 ——有 3 个 ①作 many 或 much 的最高级。如I have most books(bread) of all. ②帮助多音节的形容词或副词构成最高级。如I’m most outgoing in our class. ③作“大多数;大部分”(前面不用冠词)。此用法与最高级无关系。修饰或代替可数名词或不可数名词均可。例如:1)Most (of the) students like music. 2 )Most of them/us like music. 3 )
Most (of the) work is difficult; 4)Most of it is difficult. ⑶less 、least 的用法 ——有 2 个
①作 little(少的)的比较级和最高级。如 I have less free time than you. And I have the least free time of us three. ②帮助各种音节的形容词或副词构成否定意义的比较级和最高级。
less
表示“较不……”, least表示“最不……”。
例:1)He is less tall than me. =He isn’t as tall as me. 2 )
This book is less interesting than that one. 这本书没有那本书有趣。
3 )
This book is the least interesting of all. 在这所有书当中这本书是最没有趣的。
⑷older, oldest 与
elder, eldest 区别
older, oldest 可以表示年龄、物品的破旧、时间的久远等;可作定语或表语。而 elder, eldest 只用于家庭成员的长幼关系,并且只可放于名词前作定语。
例:1)His eldest son is a policeman. 2 )
Her elder bother is one year older than me. 3)This car is older than that one. 4)China is one of the four oldest countries.
⑸farther, farthest 与
further, furthest 的区别
表示距离时 further=farther(较远的), farthest=farthest(最远的)。另外,further, furthest 还可以表示表示程度等引申意义:
further
表示“更进一步的(地)”, furthest
表示“最大程度的(地)”,此时不可改用 farther, farthest。
例 :1)Li Lei’s home is farther/further from the school than Wang Hai’s. And Lily’s home is the farthest/furthest. 2)We will go further into the question. 我们将进一步研究这个问题。
比较级最高级专项练习
(一)
写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:
long
wide
fat
heavy
slow
few
beautiful
badly
far
quickly
happy
( 二) 用所给词...
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