论喜福会中东西方文化冲突与融合

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　东北林业大学

　硕士学位论文

　论《喜福会》中东西方文化的冲突与融合

　姓名：王宇

　申请学位级别：硕士

　专业：英语语言文学

　指导教师：王新春

　20070601

　摘要

　 美国华裔女作家谭恩美，以其为数不多的几部作品享誉美国文坛。她的处女作《喜

　福会》讲述了中国母亲和美国化的女儿之间的冲突，以讲故事的形式将自身经历，移民

　母亲和子女的矛盾冲突呈现给读者。小说主题表现丰富，除了母女冲突，还侧重f两代人之间的理解与沟通。她创作的最终目的也是借两代人之间的冲突与融合来阐明东西方

　两种文化也必将从冲突走向融合。

　谭恩美在《喜福会》中，就是通过寻求黄神人与白种人，东方文化与西方文化的差异柬表现中国文化的文化理念与价值观， 体现她自己对中国文化难以割舍的情结。作为t-：流文化的“他者”， 她利用自己特殊的身份，利用母亲的故事，以不同文化背景F 的母女冲突、婚姻作为出发点，着眼于全球视野下的文化碰撞与融合，探讨了中西文化的差异与沟通。

　本文从多角度讨论谭恩美在作品中反映的“冲突”及“融合”的主题，深入分析产生“冲突”及“融合”的原因，并探讨了在东西方文化中“家”的概念。母女两代共同

　的“家”，代表了他们共属的母性文化一一中国传统文化。

　第一部分主要介绍谭恩美的生平以及她的作品《喜福会》，并分析了她独特的写作

　技巧。

　第二部分从华裔美国文学出发，论述了华裔美国文学的发展历程、现状，并着重提出了女性作家在其中的卓越贡献。

　第三部分分别从母女两代人及文化的角度具体分析了小说中所反映的“冲突”这一

　主题。并且结合跨文化交际理论阐述了产生冲突的原因。

　第四部分从两个角度分析了小说的另一主题“融合”～两代母女最终实现互相

　理解，走向融合；他们所代表的不同语言及文化也终于彼此融合。母女间的最终融合，

　也反映了在男性社会中，女性地位日益增强。

　第五部分探讨了在不同文化下，“家”的概念。并结合小说中“家”对于母女两代人的意义，女儿从“逃家”，到“归家”，指出“家”在小说中所代表的文化意义。

　第六部分通过上述的论述得出结论：在小说中，母女两代人从误解、冲突到沟通和理解，不仅折射着东西方文化互相碰撞、沟通和交融的历史，也预示着在全球化时期，

　不㈦的国家、民族和文化相互共存应采取的态度～一理解、沟通与信任。

　 关键词 喜福会；冲突：融合；母女关系：家

　Abstract

　 Amy Tan。a famous Chinese American writer,has become one of the representatives of

　Chinese American literature．卯坩Joy Luck CIub，Tan’S debut novel，iS a narrative about the conflicts between Chinese mothers and Americanized daughters．111e major themes are the

　conflicts，between the immigrants and Americanized second generation．She pays great attention to the understanding and communication between two generations．

　砌 P Joy Luck Club stimulates ethnic appreciation while allowing readers to objectify their own situations，making connections between their own lives and the culturally distant lives in Tan’S characters．As‘"the other"’in the mainstream．伽l discussed the conflicts and reconciliation

　between two cultures，starting

　from

　description of conflicts between two

　generations and their marriages．

　The thesis comprehensively discusses the major themes of“conflict"’and“reconciliation”

　in 77醒Joy Luck(1，曲．explores the reasons for conflict and reconciliation．and completes with the concept of“family”in Eastern culture and Western Culture．In the novel，the common family ofmothers and daughters is their mother culture---Chinese traditional culture． Part One introduces Amy Tan’S life story,her debut novel砌P Joy Luck Club．and her

　unique writing skill．

　Part Two mainly foCBSeS on the development of Chinese American literature，its present

　situation and the contribution offemale writers．

　Part Three analyzes the main topic of‘"conflict"’in the novel from two points of view- 一generations and cultures．and explains that、vitll the theory ofIntercultural Communication．

　Part Four researches another topic of the novel一‘"reconciliation"’．Two generations of mothers and daughters achieve mutual understanding，two different languages and cultures finally march for reconciliation．

　Part Five studies“family"as a source for cultural development，and its cultural

　connotation． Part Six comes to the conclusion that the novel makes an attempt to analyze the mother- daughter relationship by presenting the conflicts，communication and integration between mothers and their daughters and between tWO cultures，which reflects the aUitudes that different nations ， races and cultures should take in the age of globalization understanding ， communication and trust．

　Keywords The Joy Luck Club；conflict；reconciliation；mother-daughter relation； family

　 ．1I．

　独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研

　究成果。据我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他 人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 壅韭盎些盘堂或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡

　献均己在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。

　学位论文作者签名：1．罾 签字日期：。驴7年6月“日

　学位论文版权使用授权书

　本学位论文作者完全了解

　盔些盎些盘堂

　 有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查 阅和借阅。本人授权 峦韭盎些盘堂可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论

　文。

　 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书)

　学位论文作者签名：

　导师签名：

　乡耘寿

　 签字日期：山司年6月p6日 签字日期：也刀年6、再“日

　 学位论文作者毕业后去向：

　工作单位：存、龙1姝业天荨 电话：雪夕I，口牛，_，

　通讯地址：1}、靶抓芷六等瓠目绣芽f屯 邮编2／r神4。

　1 Introduction

　 Born in 1952 in Oakland，California,Amy Ruth Tan is the second generation ofa Chinese immigrant family．Being raised and educated in the dominant Western culture，young Amy found herself always at odds with her parents’expectations．As she once put it，“砌叫(her parent圳wanted us to have American circumstances and Chinese character．’’。Tan began her college career at Linfield College but soon transferred to San Jose State University where she received her B，A．degree in English and linguistics and her M．A．degree in linguistics．In 1975， she married Louis Demattei and after marriage she continued her education at the University of California at Santa Cruz and at Berkley．However,deciding to do something other than

　continuing to be a student,Tan dropped her doctoral program without geaing a

　degree．Before she became a full一time writer,Tan had a variety of jobs．everything from a bartender to a counselor for developmentally disabled ehildren．

　‘"Like them she writes about the limited identity of the hyphenated American．about the cultural chasms between immigrant parents and their American-born offspring and the linguistic gaps between generations and：nat&about the need to discover a usable and

　recognizable past．But she does not write exclusively about the Asian experience 。

　nor 捃 her style specifically and wholly Asian despite its frequent allusions to traditional Chinese folk genresandits borrowingsfromthetalkstorytradition．“

　Her first novel弛e Joy Luck Club(1989)is a beloved international best-selling novel

　which explores the relationships of Chinese women and their Chinese-American daughters in the United States．Published in 1989,11lc Joy Luck Club was enthusiastically received by critics and the public．It landed on the New场地17rues best-seller list for nine months．It was also nominated and then selected as a finalist for the National Book Award and the National

　Book Critics Circle Award,In addition,it received the Bay Area Book Reviewers Award for Fiction and the Commonwealth Club Gold Award．The Book has been translated into 25 languages including Chinese，and has been made into a major motion picture．

　Tan’s novels have drawn her wide readership throughout the

　United States and the world

　and also drawn her extensive critical at￡ention，most ofwhich were highly complimentary．The reception of her works suggests that her works resonates among readers of all backgrounds．

　She writes about relationships and familial bonds and self and identity,which are the universal

　concerns and commonly recognized themes．

　Tan has said that her intention in writing is not to‘"provide historical information，but to create a work ofart．”Critics have said that her works are not necessarily Chinese in nature．

　but are instead stories with universal themes(generational conflicts，war ofthe sexes，etc．)that

　have an added dimension of being told through narrators that are constantly searching for a

　balance between their Chinese heritage and American lifestyle．

　Different from other Chinese American female writers，Amy Tan cannot get rid of her Chinese complex．In fact．this has alSO become Tan’S uniqueness．Like other writers，her works reflect the conflicts of two cultures，two worlds，two generations and two countries．The conflicts between two cultures are what most Chinese American writers pay attention to when they explore Sino—American relationship．While Tan has made great contribution to the spread of Chinese culture with her works。she has set a model as a

　cultural communicator．

　劢e Joy Luck Club is the story of eight Chinese women．Four are

　mothers who suffered

　different hardship that forced them to lcave China；and four are the daughters who face their own struggles in their everyday lives．Each chapter is a

　vignette of each woman’s viewpoint of

　events．The first main character is the daughter Jing—mei Woo，whose mother passed away，She

　is asked to join the‘"Joy Luck Club”and play Mah Jong with her adoptive aunts．All plots are Iinked together by the narrative of Jing—mei Woo．whose mother had founded a women’S social club in

　China to

　make its members tell

　about their past

　experiences not

　only to empower

　themselves，but also to pass wisdom on to their daughters，who are all uncertain about their

　marital relationships．The stories are reminiscent of Maxine Hang Kingston’S portrayal of mother-daughter conflicts in that these daughters。too，are trying to establish their identities in the mainstream

　of American

　life

　without alienating

　their mothers who are the purveyors of

　Chinese traditional culture．

　 In“Sugar Sisterhood：Situating the Amy Tan Phenomenon”，Sau—ling Wang analyzes the popularity of Amy Tan’S works aS a cultural phenomenon and compares it with other authors before Tan：‘‘the fortunes of once-popular,now overlooked cultural interpreters in Chinese American literary history,such as Lin Yutang,and Jade Snow Wang,suggest that cultural mediation of the Orient for the‘mainstream’readership requires continual repackaging to remainin syncwith changingtimesandresultantshifts加ideologicalneeds．“

　Such conflicts and challenges are

　circumscribed by

　a specific ethnic cult...

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