2020中国高校毕业生职业发展研究与展望（完整）
下面是小编为大家整理的2020中国高校毕业生职业发展研究与展望（完整）,供大家参考。
1.
U 1 0
毕业生职业发展呈现 “出国留学 -
回国就业 ”的良性人才环流态势 。尽管 U 1 0
毕业生出国留学占比达七成以上，但选择在国内就业的比例超过八成，在中国机会增多与国际关系变化双重影响下，将可能有更多的留学人员、华人华侨等专业人士选择回国发展。
2.
留学趋势总体稳定，留学目的地呈现出多元化发展态势。
U 1 0
毕业生出国留学比例持续增加，但赴美留学增长率进一步放缓，赴英国、中国香港、法国、澳大利亚、新加坡等国家和地区留学的高校毕业生比例逐年上升。
3.
不同发展程度城市的 “双一流 ”高校毕业生在发展方向上存在差异 ：在发展程度相对较高的城市，本科毕业生更愿意选择继续深造，并在硕士毕业后进入就业市场；而在发展程度相对较低的城市中，其本科毕业生选择就业的比例较高，硕士毕业生更倾向于选择继续深造。
4.
不同学历层次的 U 1 0
毕业生在国内的就业行业选择中各有偏重。本科与硕士毕业生就业领域更偏向于应用型行业，例如金融、消费品以及媒体与传播等行业；博士及以上毕业生则在一定程度上选择更具专业性的领域，如医疗和法律行业。
1) 软件与信息技术服务业在 U 1 0
毕业生就业行业中最为热门， U 1 0
毕业生最喜爱的企业雇主 TOP
10
中，包括腾讯、微软、百度、阿里巴巴等在内的大部分雇主均属于软件与信息技术服务业。
2) 制造业在 U10
毕业生就业行业的热门程度中位居前列，且在硕博毕业生就业行业中的热门程度高于本科毕业生，更多具有高学历水平的人才在制造业发挥创新作用。
3) 非营利性行业成为 U10
毕业生的就业热门行业，得益于社会发展格局的变化，非营利性行业在近年来发展迅速，同时高校毕业生在职业选择中也更加热心公益、关注弱势群体、注重价值理念的传播与实现。
5.
高校毕业生领英用户中美首次就业热门行业在排名上具有较高相似度。软件与信息技术服务、制造业、教育、企业服务和金融行业是高校毕业生领英用户在两国首次就业发展的主要行业选择。此外，高校毕业生在中国就业更青睐消费者产品、硬件与网络、媒体与传播行业，在美国就业则更关注医疗、零售、休闲与旅游、非营利性行业和公共管理行业。
1) 消费者产品行业在高校毕业生领英用户中国首次就业的行业排名中高于美国。中国轻工业发展相对发达，且具有庞大的消费市场，可以为高校毕业生提供更多就业岗位和发展机会。
研究发现
研究发现
2) 媒体与传播行业在高校毕业生领英用户中国首次就业的行业排名中进入前十位，但未在美国进入榜单。新媒体、自媒体、短视频、直播等新兴业态在中国发展迅速并形成了独特的商业模式，不仅扩大了就业市场的类别和边际，也对全球市场产生了显著影响。
3) 医疗行业在高校毕业生领英用户中国首次就业的排名低于美国，且在医院与卫生保健这一次级行业分类中的就业占比远低于美国，相关专业领域的人才发展机制有待改善。类似的情况还包括旅游与休闲行业，该行业在高校毕业生领英用户在美首次就业行业排名中进入前十位，但未在中国进入榜单。
6.
管理类和数据类技能正在成为各行业的代表性技能。
“管理 ” “项目管理 ” “战略规划” 以及 “领导力”等管理类技能， “Python”“Java” “C++”以及 “数据分析” 等数据类技能是 U10
毕业生就业热门行业的最具代表性技能。
7.
U 1 0
毕业生技能变化情况与行业发展联系紧密。
U 1 0
毕业生就业行业的新兴技能与衰落技能的对比显示，科技行业越来越注重专业技能与创新能力，非科技行业更加关注产品价值和专业服务能力，个人技能的发展与行业需求更加紧密。
8.
数据研发类岗位或将成为高校毕业生首次就业的热门职位。
U 1 0
毕业生在美就业热门职位前十位中有三项与数据有关，分别为数据分析师、数据科学家、量化分析师，该现象并未出现在 U 1 0
毕业生在中国就业热门职位前十位中。随着数字经济在中国的创新发展，数据研究与开发需求将在更多行业中显现。
9.
新冠肺炎疫情对出国留学带来较大冲击，未来留学目的地国将更趋多元化。新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来，各国签证、出入境政策收紧，碍于多数国家的疫情防控仍处于攻坚时期，留学将面临可持续发展的挑战。在签证与出入境政策和疫情控制情况等因素的影响下，留学目的地国可能更趋多元化发展。
10.
新冠肺炎疫情对我国行业发展与转型带来挑战和机遇，高校毕业生在疫情和后疫情时代就业创业更趋灵活和多元化。得益于疫情的有效控制，中国就业市场雇佣率已回升至去年同期水平，在一定程度上缓解了高校毕业生的就业压力。
1) 新冠肺炎疫情对就业市场的供需双方均产生显著影响。消费品行业、制造业、以及软件与 I T服务业受到冲击较大；大健康、法律和在线教育行业因行业特点和市场需求的增加而获得更多发展机会。
2) 新冠肺炎疫情得到有效控制后，医疗、社区服务等岗位的招聘均出现了积极复苏；人力、金融、工程等岗位的招聘复苏相对缓慢。
3) U 1 0
毕业生在就业行业的选择上除考虑薪酬、兴趣等自身发展因素外，还考虑了行业对风险的承受力以及社会可持续发展对行业的需求，这对更广泛的高校毕业生就业行业选择具有实践性的指导意义。
1.
Career
d eve l o pm en t
o f
U1 0
gra du ate s
d e m on s tr ate s
a
b en i gn
ta l en t
ci rcu l a ti on
tr en d
o f " st udy ing
abroad
-
ret urning
China
for
work ".
Alt hough
more
t han
70%
of
U 10
graduat es st udy
abroad,
more
t han
80%
of
t hem
choose
t o
work
in
C hina.
With
increasing
career opport unities
in
C hina
and
changes
in
int ernat ional
relations,
it is
highly
probable
t hat
more professionals,
including
Chinese
students
studying
abroad
and
other
overseas
Chinese,
will opt
for
career
development
in
China.
2.
The
overall
t rend
of
st udy ing
abroad
remains
st able,
while
dest ination
count ries
for studying
abroad
have
become
more
diversified.
The
proportion
of
U10
graduates
who
chose to
st udy
abroad
has
cont inued
increasing,
yet
the
growth
rate
of
studying
in
t he
US
has further
slackened.
As
such,
the
proportion
of
university
graduates
studying
in
the
UK,
Hong Kong
SAR,
France,
Australia,
Singapore,
and
other
countries
and
regions
has
increased
on a
yearly
basis.
3.
Cities
with
discrete
degrees
of
economic
development
have
shown
substantial
differences in
terms
of
development
orientation
of
"Double
First
Class"
university
graduates.
In
relatively developed
cities,
graduates
with
undergraduate
degrees
prefer
to
pursue
further
education, and
are
inclined
to
enter
the
job
market
after
obtaining
their
master"s
degrees.
Nonetheless, in
less
developed
cities,
graduates
with
undergraduate
degrees
are
inclined
to
enter
the
job market,
and
graduates
with
master"s
degrees
prefer
to
pursue
fu rther
education.
4.
U10
graduates
with
different
ed ucational
attainments
exhibit
discrete
career
p references in
China.
Graduates
with
undergraduate
or
master"s
degrees
prefer
to
work
in
app lication- oriented
industries,
such
as
finance,
consumer
goods,
media
&
communications.
Meanwhile, graduat es
with
doc toral
degrees
(or
above)
prefer
t o
work
in
more
professional
fields,
such as
health
care
and
legal
industry.
Key
Findings
1) Software
&
IT
services
is
the
most
popular
industry
among
U10
graduates.
Most
of the
top
10
emp loyers
preferred
by
U10
grad u ates,
inclu ding
Tencent,
Microsoft,
B aid u and
Alibaba,
belong
to
software
&
IT
services.
2) The
man ufa ctu ring
in du s try
is
one
o f
th e
to p
ch oice s
among
U1 0
grad u ate s ,
and has
a
higher
popularit y
among
graduat es
wit h
mast er" s
or
doc toral
degrees
t han
among th o s e
wi th
u n d ergra du ate
d egree s .
Th i s
s h ows
th a t
ta l en ts
wi th
h ig h er
e du ca ti ona l background
have
contributed
to
the
innovation
of
the
manufacturing
industry.
3) The
non p ro fi t
i n du s tr y
h a s
b eco m e
a
p o pu l ar
cho i ce
fo r
U1 0
gra du ate s .
Due
to chang in g
p a tte rn s
o f
s o cia l
d eve l o p men t,
this
in du s tr y
h a s
b een
ra p id l y
d eve lo p in g in
recent
years.
Meanwhile,
universit y
graduat es
have
been
more
ent husiast ic
about pub lic we l fa re ,
p a id
more
a tte n tio n
towa rd s
vu l nera b l e
gro up s ,
an d
in crea s in g l y
fo cu s e d on
the
dissemination
and
realization
of
values.
5.
data
shows
that
China
and
the
US
share
a
high
similarity
in
terms
of
the popularity
ranking
of
the
top
industries
for
first-t ime
employment
among
university
graduates. Software
&
IT
services,
manufacturing,
education,
corporate
services,
and
finance
are t he
main
c hoic es
of
first -t ime
employ ment
among
universit y
graduat es
in
bot h
count ries. In
addition,
university
graduates
in
China
prefer
to
work
in
consumer
goods,
hardware
& networking,
media
&
communications.
Meanwhile,
university
graduates
in
the
US
are
inclined to
work
i n
h ea l th
care ,
reta il ,
recrea tio n
&
tr ave l ,
pub li c
a dm in istr a ti on ,
a s
we ll
a s
th e
non - profit
industry.
1) I n
t he
indust ry
rank ing
of
first -t ime
employ ment
among
universit y
graduat es (Link edI n
users),
t he
consumer
goods
indust ry
rank s
higher
in
C hina
t han
in
t he
U S . China
is
relatively
developed
in
light
manufacturing
industry,
due
to
its
possession
of
a sizeable
consumer
market,
which
provides
more
opportunities
for
university
graduates" career
development.
2) Me d i a
&
Co mmu n i ca ti on s
ran ks
a m ong
th e
to p
1 0
i n du s tr i e s
i n
Ch i na
fo r
fi r s t- time
employ ment
among
universit y
graduat es
(Link edI n
users),
but
is
not
list ed
in
t he US .
Emerging
business
formats,
such
as
new
media,
we-media,
short
videos,
and
live broadcasting
have
developed
rapidly
in
China
and
formed
a
unique
business
model. This
has
not
only
expanded
the
categories
and
boundaries
of
the
job
market,
but
also posed
a
significant
impact
on
the
global
job
market.
Key
Findings
3) Health
care
ranks
lower
in
Ch ina
th an
in
th e
US
in
terms
of
th e
first-time employment
of
university
graduates
users),
and
the
proportion
of
employment in
hospital
&
health
care,
a
sub-industry
of
health
care,
is
far
lower
than
that
of
the
US . Therefore,
mechanisms
of
talent
cultivation
in
relevant
fields
still remain
to
be
improved. A
similar
situation
exist
in
the
field
of
recreation
&
travel,
which
ranks
in
the
top
10 industries
of
first-time
employment
for
university
graduates
in
the
US ,
but
is
not
listed
in China.
6.
Managemen t
an d
d ata
s kil ls
h ave
b ecome
th e
key
s kill s
o f
va rio u s
in du s trie s .
Managemen t skills
such
as...
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