1新疆大学考博英语历年考博真题20-21年
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2020 年新疆大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions . For
each question four answers are given . Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question . Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET . (15 % ) Passage 1 It was a normal day in the life of the
American
Red
Cross
in
Greater
New
York. First, part of a building on
West
140th
Street, in
Harlem, fell
down. Beds
tumbled
through
the
air, people slid out of their apartments and onto the ground, three
people
died, and
the Red Cross was there, helping shocked residents find temporary shelter, and food and
clothing. Then
it was back downtown for that evening"s big fund-raiser, the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance, at the Pierre. “That"s
why I have bad
hair
tonight,” said Christopher Peake, a Red Cross spokesman who had spent much of the day at
the
Harlem scene, in
the
drizzling rain. He was now in a
tuxedo, and actually his hair didn"t look so bad, framed by a centerpiece of
tulips and
jonquils, and
perhaps improved by subdued
lighting from eight crystal chandeliers． Definitely not having a bad-hair night
was
Elizabeth
Dole, the
wife
of
Senator
Robert Dole and the president of the American Red Cross. President Dole has
chestnut-colored Republican hair, which was softly coifed, and she was wearing a fitted burgundy velvet evening suit (“Someone made it for me! I love velvet.” she exclaimed, in her enthusiastic, Northern Carolina hostess voice) and sparkling drop
earrings. Of
course, she
hadn"t
been
standing
in the rain in Harlem; she had just flown up on the three-o"clock shuttle from Washington. Dole
is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and a
full
mouth and
a
direct personality. She
tilts her head attentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evening"s award; previous award winners have included Alice Tully, Princess Yasmin Asa Khan, ．． and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would expect to
find Elizabeth Dole,
but
award
givers are
famous for
having political instincts as
well as
philanthropic ones． Surrounded by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton china. American Express was there. So
were
Bristol-Myers
Squibb; Coopers
＆ Lybrand;
the New York Times Company; Union Bank of Switzerland; Chemical Bank; New York Life;... and Price Waterhouse. The actress Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and her bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser (no models! no stars!), of which there seems to be
at
least
one
every
night
in
New
York City. It was not a society night, but still the evening raised four hundred and thirty thousand dollars． 26．From what we read we can infer that “it was a normal day in the life of the American Red
Cross
in
Greater
New
York” means
its
staff ． A.
deal with the fail of houses in the city every day B.
are busy helping people who suffer from disasters every day C.
work during the day and to have banquet in the evening every day D.
go to Harlem, the poorest district of New York, every day and help people there 27．The
fund-raiser
mentioned
in
the
passage
refers
to ． A．Robert Dole B．Elizabeth Dole C．the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance D．all the business companies attending the Dinner Dance 28．Christopher
Peake"s
hair
didn"t
look
so
bad
because ．
186
A.
he was wearing a handsome tuxedo B.
he was wearing tulips on his suit C.
he was seen among flowers D.
he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light 29．Elizabeth
Dole
was ． A．the president of the American Red Cross and acted at the Dinner as a North Carolina hostess B．a republican and wife of the president of the American Red Cross C．the president of the American Red Cross and its main representative at
the
Annual
Dinner Dance D．born in North Carolina, became an air-hostess and later married Senator Robert Dole 30．The
presence
of
an
actress
at
the
Dinner
made
the
fund
raising ． A．less
impersonal B．a typical fund-raising event C．less
personal D．more business-like Passage 2 For laymen ethnology is probably the most interesting of
the
biological
sciences
for
the very reason that it concerns
animals in
their normal activities and
therefore, if
we
wish, we
can assess the possible
dangers
and
advantages
in
our
own
behavioral
roots. Ethnology
also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very
scrupulous
field observations with experimentation in laboratories． The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watchers certainly not scientists, since their facts were not gained by experimental procedures: they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists, under identical conditions and reaching
identical results. Of
course
many situations
in the lives of
animals simply cannot be
rehearsed and controlled in this way. The
fall flocking
of wild free birds
can"t
be, or
the
homing
of
animals
over
long
distances, or
even
details
of spontaneous family relationships. Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, are
they then not worth knowing about? The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out of this impasse by greatly refining the techniques of observing. At the
start
of
a
project
all
the
animals
to
be
studied
are live-trapped, marked individually, and released. Motion pictures, often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals" voices by electrical sound equipment is considered essential, and the most meticulous notes are kept of all
that
occurs. With this material other biologists, far from the scene, later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together, checking each other"s observations right there in the field． Ethnology, the word, is derived from
the
Greek
ethos, meaning
the
characteristic traits or features which distinguish any particular group of people or, in biology, a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying “the whole
sequence
of
acts which constitute an animal"s behavior.” In abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as “the objective study of animal behavior,” and ethnologists do emphasize their wish
to eliminate myths． 31.
In the first sentence, the word “laymen” means A．people who stand aside B.
people who are not trained as biologists C.
people who are amateur biologists D.
people who love animals
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32.
According to the passage, ethnology is A．a new branch of biology B．an old Greek science C．a pseudo-science D．a science for amateurs 33.
“The
field workers have handicaps in winning respect for themselves.” This
sentence means A．ethnologists when working in the field are handicapped B．ethnologists have problems in winning recognition as scientists C．ethnologists are looked down upon when they work in the field D．ethnologists meet with lots of difficulties when doing field work 34.
According to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the passage, “hard-and-fast”means experiment procedures A.
are difficult and quick to follow B.
must be carried out in a strict and quick way C.
must be followed strictly to avoid false and loose results D.
hard and unreasonable for scientists to observe 35 ． The meaning
of the underlined
words in
“ the details
of spontaneous family relationships” can be expressed as A.
natural family relationships B.
quickly occurring family relationships C.
animals acting like a natural family D.
animal family behavior that cannot be preplanned or controlled Passage 3 The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred
in the 15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of “NotreDame de
Paris ”.
It
was
a
cathedral .
On
all
parts
of
the
giant
building ,
statuary
and
stone
representations of every kind, combined with huge windows of
stained
glass, told
the
stories
of
the
Bible
and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the
existence
of
highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and, in addition, by means of
bells
in
bell
towers, told
time
for
the
benefit
of
all of Paris and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication． Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on your table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than even the largest of cathedrals. It was the printed book. Though it
provided no
bells
and
could not
tell
time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable． In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift-this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is
recognized
by
all. The
progress
for
civilization is undeniable and, plainly, irreversible. Yet, just as the book"s triumph over the cathedral divided people into two groups, one of
which prospered, while the other lapsed into
gloom,
the computer"s triumph has also divided the human race． You have only to bring
a
computer
into
a
room
to
see
that
some
people
begin
at
once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct
experiments, oh
and
ah
at
the
boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful ne...
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