1新疆大学考博英语历年考博真题20-21年

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　186

　2020 年新疆大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

　Part Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions . For

　each question four answers are given . Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question . Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET . (15 % ) Passage 1 It was a normal day in the life of the

　American

　Red

　Cross

　in

　Greater

　New

　York. First, part of a building on

　West

　140th

　Street, in

　Harlem, fell

　down. Beds

　tumbled

　through

　the

　air, people slid out of their apartments and onto the ground, three

　people

　died, and

　the Red Cross was there, helping shocked residents find temporary shelter, and food and

　clothing. Then

　it was back downtown for that evening"s big fund-raiser, the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance, at the Pierre. “That"s

　why I have bad

　hair

　tonight,” said Christopher Peake, a Red Cross spokesman who had spent much of the day at

　the

　Harlem scene, in

　the

　drizzling rain. He was now in a

　tuxedo, and actually his hair didn"t look so bad, framed by a centerpiece of

　tulips and

　jonquils, and

　perhaps improved by subdued

　lighting from eight crystal chandeliers． Definitely not having a bad-hair night

　was

　Elizabeth

　Dole, the

　wife

　of

　Senator

　Robert Dole and the president of the American Red Cross. President Dole has

　chestnut-colored Republican hair, which was softly coifed, and she was wearing a fitted burgundy velvet evening suit (“Someone made it for me! I love velvet.” she exclaimed, in her enthusiastic, Northern Carolina hostess voice) and sparkling drop

　earrings. Of

　course, she

　hadn"t

　been

　standing

　in the rain in Harlem; she had just flown up on the three-o"clock shuttle from Washington. Dole

　 is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and a

　full

　mouth and

　a

　direct personality. She

　tilts her head attentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evening"s award; previous award winners have included Alice Tully, Princess Yasmin Asa Khan, ．． and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would expect to

　find Elizabeth Dole,

　but

　award

　givers are

　famous for

　having political instincts as

　well as

　philanthropic ones． Surrounded by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton china. American Express was there. So

　were

　Bristol-Myers

　Squibb; Coopers

　＆ Lybrand;

　the New York Times Company; Union Bank of Switzerland; Chemical Bank; New York Life;... and Price Waterhouse. The actress Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and her bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser (no models! no stars!), of which there seems to be

　at

　least

　one

　every

　night

　in

　New

　York City. It was not a society night, but still the evening raised four hundred and thirty thousand dollars． 26．From what we read we can infer that “it was a normal day in the life of the American Red

　Cross

　in

　Greater

　New

　York” means

　its

　staff ． A.

　deal with the fail of houses in the city every day B.

　are busy helping people who suffer from disasters every day C.

　work during the day and to have banquet in the evening every day D.

　go to Harlem, the poorest district of New York, every day and help people there 27．The

　fund-raiser

　mentioned

　in

　the

　passage

　 refers

　to ． A．Robert Dole B．Elizabeth Dole C．the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance D．all the business companies attending the Dinner Dance 28．Christopher

　Peake"s

　hair

　didn"t

　look

　so

　 bad

　because ．

　186

　A.

　he was wearing a handsome tuxedo B.

　he was wearing tulips on his suit C.

　he was seen among flowers D.

　he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light 29．Elizabeth

　Dole

　was ． A．the president of the American Red Cross and acted at the Dinner as a North Carolina hostess B．a republican and wife of the president of the American Red Cross C．the president of the American Red Cross and its main representative at

　the

　Annual

　Dinner Dance D．born in North Carolina, became an air-hostess and later married Senator Robert Dole 30．The

　presence

　of

　an

　actress

　at

　the

　Dinner

　made

　the

　fund

　raising ． A．less

　impersonal B．a typical fund-raising event C．less

　personal D．more business-like Passage 2 For laymen ethnology is probably the most interesting of

　the

　biological

　sciences

　for

　the very reason that it concerns

　animals in

　their normal activities and

　therefore, if

　we

　wish, we

　can assess the possible

　dangers

　and

　advantages

　in

　our

　own

　behavioral

　roots. Ethnology

　also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very

　scrupulous

　field observations with experimentation in laboratories． The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watchers certainly not scientists, since their facts were not gained by experimental procedures: they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists, under identical conditions and reaching

　identical results. Of

　course

　many situations

　in the lives of

　animals simply cannot be

　rehearsed and controlled in this way. The

　fall flocking

　of wild free birds

　can"t

　be, or

　the

　homing

　of

　animals

　over

　long

　distances, or

　even

　details

　of spontaneous family relationships. Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, are

　they then not worth knowing about? The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out of this impasse by greatly refining the techniques of observing. At the

　start

　of

　a

　project

　all

　the

　animals

　to

　be

　studied

　are live-trapped, marked individually, and released. Motion pictures, often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals" voices by electrical sound equipment is considered essential, and the most meticulous notes are kept of all

　that

　occurs. With this material other biologists, far from the scene, later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together, checking each other"s observations right there in the field． Ethnology, the word, is derived from

　the

　Greek

　ethos, meaning

　the

　characteristic traits or features which distinguish any particular group of people or, in biology, a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying “the whole

　sequence

　of

　acts which constitute an animal"s behavior.” In abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as “the objective study of animal behavior,” and ethnologists do emphasize their wish

　to eliminate myths． 31.

　In the first sentence, the word “laymen” means A．people who stand aside B.

　people who are not trained as biologists C.

　people who are amateur biologists D.

　people who love animals

　186

　32.

　According to the passage, ethnology is A．a new branch of biology B．an old Greek science C．a pseudo-science D．a science for amateurs 33.

　“The

　field workers have handicaps in winning respect for themselves.” This

　sentence means A．ethnologists when working in the field are handicapped B．ethnologists have problems in winning recognition as scientists C．ethnologists are looked down upon when they work in the field D．ethnologists meet with lots of difficulties when doing field work 34.

　According to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the passage, “hard-and-fast”means experiment procedures A.

　are difficult and quick to follow B.

　must be carried out in a strict and quick way C.

　must be followed strictly to avoid false and loose results D.

　hard and unreasonable for scientists to observe 35 ． The meaning

　of the underlined

　words in

　 “ the details

　of spontaneous family relationships” can be expressed as A.

　natural family relationships B.

　quickly occurring family relationships C.

　animals acting like a natural family D.

　animal family behavior that cannot be preplanned or controlled Passage 3 The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred

　in the 15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of “NotreDame de

　Paris ”.

　It

　was

　a

　cathedral .

　On

　all

　parts

　of

　the

　giant

　building ,

　statuary

　and

　stone

　representations of every kind, combined with huge windows of

　stained

　glass, told

　the

　stories

　of

　the

　Bible

　and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the

　existence

　of

　highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and, in addition, by means of

　bells

　in

　bell

　towers, told

　time

　for

　the

　benefit

　of

　all of Paris and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication． Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on your table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than even the largest of cathedrals. It was the printed book. Though it

　provided no

　bells

　and

　could not

　tell

　time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable． In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift-this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is

　recognized

　by

　all. The

　progress

　for

　civilization is undeniable and, plainly, irreversible. Yet, just as the book"s triumph over the cathedral divided people into two groups, one of

　which prospered, while the other lapsed into

　gloom,

　the computer"s triumph has also divided the human race． You have only to bring

　a

　computer

　into

　a

　room

　to

　see

　that

　some

　people

　begin

　at

　once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct

　experiments, oh

　and

　ah

　at

　the

　boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful ne...

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