离合器外文翻译
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Discussion on the Developmental Situation of DCT Automatic Transmission
LIN
Zhi-qiang (Heilon 自 i 锄 g kngshi Tour Mobile serve Co．，Ltd．，Harbin 150090)
Abstract:
This paper introduces the dual clutch automatic transmission Dual clutch Transmission (DCT) development and application status at home and abroad. The working principle, structure characteristics were analyzed, the DCT manual transmission efficiency high characteristic and hydraulic power shift automatic transmission, transmission is China"s most promising. Key words:
dual clutch/automatic transmission
The car is a unity composed of multi system. The transmission system is one of the key auto systems, and improve the degree of good or bad performance, plays a decisive role in the automobile"s power performance, economy, comfort and reliability. Automobile transmission system technology is gradually developed from manual to automatic gear shift, especially the application of computer technology in transmission system, automatic transmission technology has been rapid development. The modern automobile transmission mainly has four types: electronic automatic mechanical transmission (AMT), continuously variable transmission (CVT), hydraulic mechanical automatic transmission (AT) and dual clutch automatic transmission (DCT), they all have different performance characteristics. AT and cVT no power interruption when shifting gear, with good quality, but the mechanical efficiency is low, leading to poor fuel economy vehicles; mechanical efficiency of AMT is high, but when the shift to interrupt the power transmission, shift smoothness and affects the dynamic performance of the vehicle; DCT inherits the manual transmission high transmission efficiency, compact installation space, light weight,
8 low price and many other advantages, and the full realization of the power shift shift process, which is in the process of shifting the uninterrupted power, it is not only for AMT is a great progress, but also to retain the AT and CVT shift quality is good, so is the the development direction of automatic transmission.
1 . .
Development
1.1. Development abroad
The core technology of DCT only in USA Berg Wanner (Borg Warner) and the German Schof (Schaemer) group. 194 years, Darmstadt university professor Rudolph Franke the first to apply for a patent DCT, the transmission has been tested in the truck. Then Porsche also invented the dual clutch transmission is dedicated to racing (PDKPorsche Doppel Kupplungen). However, at that time, failed to DCT technology will be put into mass production. In twentieth Century at the end of 90, Volkswagen and Berg Warner together the production of the first is suitable for large batch production and application in the mainstream models DCT. In 2002, the application of DCT in the Volkswagen Golf R32 and Audi rITI". In 2003, which have extended to golf and other models. In 2004, DCT in Germany Volkswagen Touran cars for the first time and matched with the TDI diesel engine. By 2006, with DCT mass models totaled 700000 vehicles. In 2007, Ferrari, Reno and other companies have launched their own car, is a common feature of all with transmission similar to DCT. According to the relevant agencies of the processing facilities and customer service market research and analysis, is expected to 2015 DCT share in the European transmission market share reached 29%, while in the Asia Pacific and the Japanese market, DCT sales will grow rapidly, then the share will reach 13%.
1.2. Domestic development general situation
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At present, in the development of China"s transmission showed a jump change, now automatic transmission mainly based AT, Geely, Shanghai Volkswagen, Shanghai GM car using AT. But with the rapid development of China"s automobile industry, research on the DCT aspects of the country are paying more and more attention. In the national "863" major projects, officially approved to develop car of DCT, according to the national integration policy, there have been a number of enterprises to actively cooperate with domestic famous universities and some well-known enterprises, has invested considerable human, material and financial resources, its R & D team is more and more big.
2. The structure and principle of double clutch transmission
2.1. Principle
At present DCT products generally have a dual clutch of single shaft output, combinatorial double clutch of single shaft output and the combination of dual clutch shaft output three structure forms, the combination of dual clutch two output is the most typical structures for the currently used widely and structure. The nature of these DCT products are two sets of transmission and two clutches are combined together, when one set of transmission is in the working state of another set of transmission idling and qualifying will transform shift, by switching the two clutch working state of the two sets of transmission alternately into the working state, in order to realize the shift transformation. That is to say when the gear running at a speed of the vehicle is connected with a clutch, transmission control unit according to the relevant sensor signal judgment is about to enter the work connected with another clutch of a gear, the gear is not to transmit power, so that the hydraulic control valve very convenient to control the shift actuator, pre engagement this shift, in vehicle operation to shift, the clutch will only need to transfer power, while another clutch, the car following a gear driving. In the process of shifting, the power of the engine is
10 constantly being transferred to the wheel, gear shifting process completed such as power uninterrupted shift, the shift of automated mechanical transmission.
2.2 Dual clutch system
Dual clutch system at present car DCT used in clutch and wet clutch two forms. (1)The wet clutch. Wet clutch with controllable and better control quality, structure relatively simple, with uniform distribution of pressure, small abrasion, torque capacity, without special adjustment friction plate gap. Because it used hydraulic oil cooling, allowing started slipping long time and high starting block without damaging the lining, 5 - 6 times life can reach dry clutch clutch, widely used in modern automobile automatic transmission. But in between the multi plate clutch separation state in the main, driven friction plate due to the lubricating oil are slip, friction resistance is large, the transmission efficiency of transmission of the corresponding reduction. (2) The dry clutch. Dry diaphragm spring clutch has a single driven part of inertia, has the advantages of simple structure, convenient adjustment, thorough separation, torque overload protection, high efficiency, low cost, no auxiliary power etc.. The dry clutch can absorb more heat through the pressing plate and the flywheel, insensitive to generate heat for slip velocity, but because the air heat slowly, the heat is not easy in a short period of time out, so it by friction produced total calorie restriction. The dry clutch for incorporation in a short period of time, so the friction time is short, resulting in less heat.
2.3 Prospect of dual clutch automatic transmission development prospects
According to the research, compared with AT, CVT, AMT, block 6, DCT has the following advantages: good fuel economy, more than 4 block AT increased by 18%,
11 8% higher than that of CVT, increased by 2% than 6 gear manual transmission; increase the driving pleasure; compact installation space design; light weight (compared with AT); torque transmission capacity; starting performance and shift quality. Chinese have large MT production enterprises, can make full use of the existing production capacity and facilities for the development of DCT products, not too much increase in development costs, so China for foundation and conditions for DCT production. However, current technology is China"s automobile manufacturing industry, DCT products are still needs to solve the technical problems: the rapid cooling performance and durability of the clutch; optimization control; processing and reliability of the key components of the manufacturing cost control. Dual clutch transmission is a technical innovation of the transmission system, is the future development direction of transmission technology. The relevant departments had predicted, within 8 years, DCT sales growth of at least 3 times in the world, even in Chinese will increase 8 to 10 times. With the above several aspects to improve, DCT will gradually move toward the market, eventually replace the current manual transmission.
2.4 Efficient use of computer network
The network is developed in recent decades, due to its easy and global synchronization, rapid development has been rapid. The application of network in the research of the site, in the Research Institute of agricultural expert online and network database, most research unit"s website are built starting in the network just pop up, then with the development of database technology, network database is popular, because of the existence of maintenance problems, and so should the website and database research unit centralized management, establish a set of scientific research unit management system, this unit can in less investment, need not worry about the website and database content updates input, and do not have to worry about the website and database upgrade, let a website for maximum effect.
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