2022年安徽中考数学真题试卷(通用4篇)

安徽，简称“皖”，省名取当时安庆、徽州两府首字合成，是中华人民共和国省级行政区。省会合肥。位于长江三角洲地区，中国华东地区，介于东经114°54′—119°37′，北纬29°41′—34°38′之间，东连江苏，西接河南、湖北，东南接浙江，南邻， 以下是为大家整理的关于2020年安徽中考数学真题试卷4篇 , 供大家参考选择。

2020年安徽中考数学真题试卷4篇

第1篇: 2020年安徽中考数学真题试卷

义务教育基础课程初中教学资料

2014年安徽省中考英语试卷

注意事项：

1．本试卷工四部分，十一大题，满分150分。考试时间为120分钟
2. 全卷共有试题卷8页，答题卷2页。请将答案填写在答题卷上。

3. 考试结束后,请将试题卷和答题卷一并交上。

第一部分 听力（共五大题，满分30分）

.关键词语选择(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)

你将听到五个句子。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个你所听到的单词或短语。每个句子读两遍。

1. A. page B. paper C pencil

2. A. clean B. clever C. close

3. A. raise B. read C. receive

4. A. gate B. garden C. ground

5. A. set off B. put off C. cut off

Ⅱ.短对话理解(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 你将听到十段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。

6. How will the woman get to the museum?

7. What is the film about?

8. How is the weather today？

9. What time is it?

10. What does Li Ming do?

11. What are they doing?

A. They"re watching TV at home.

B. They"re taking photos in the park.

C. They"re making a telephone call.

12. Where do they decide to have dinner tonight?

A. At home. B. At a coffee shop. C. In a restaurant.

13. How much is the beef?

A. $5, B. $10. C. $15.

14. Why is the woman going out? ,

A. To go to work. B. To repair her car. C. To see a doctor.

15. What does the man mean?

A. He wants his daughter to stay at home.

B. He will offer any help to his daughter.

C. He will give the talk instead of his daughter.

word/media/image8.gif. 长对话理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)

你将听到两段对话，每段对话后有几个小题。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第16、17两个小题。

16. What exercise does Mike take?

A. Riding a bike. B. Going swimming. C. Playing basketball.

17. How often does Lucy take exercise?

A. Every day. B. Once a week. C. Twice a week.

听下面一段对话，回答第18至20三个小题。

18. What does Ben want to buy?

A. A cotton T-shirt. B. Cotton jeans. C. A silk T-shirt.

19. What colour does Ben like best?

A. Red. B. Blue. C. White.

20. Who will Ann buy a gift for?

A. Herself. B. Her brother. C. Her friend.

Ⅳ．短文理解(共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分)

你将听到一篇短文，短文后有5个小题。请根据短文内容，在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。短文读两遍。

21. Where do we usually play after class?

A. On the pass. B. In the classroom. C. On the sports field.

22. What does Mr Green always say to us?

A. “Enjoy singing". B. "Learn by reading". C. "Have fun playing"

23. What does Ms Allen do to help us learn new English words?

A. She asks us to watch English films.

B. She uses songs and stories in class.

C. She tells us to read them many times.

24. Who is sitting in the tree in the photo?

A. Mr Green. B. Mr King. C. Ms Allen.

25. What in the passage about?

A. My school. B. My lessons. C. My family.

word/media/image9.gif.信息转换(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)

你将听到一篇短文，请根据短文内容，填写下面表格中所缺的单词，每空仅填一词。短文读两遍。

第二部分 英语知识运用（共三大题，满分55分）

word/media/image10.gif.单项填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)

从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

31. It is ______ for me to follow the Australian guests because I am good at English.

A. bad B. easy C. hard D. right

32. _______ the exam, we"ll say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.

A. In B. For C. After D. Through

33. —Can I bring a friend to your birthday party?

—Sure, ______.

A. no problem B. not at all C. my pleasure D. well done

34. Rick has learned a lot about Chinese culture _____ he came to China.

A. before B. when C. until D. since

35. —I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours?

— Yes, you _______.

A. can B. must C. could D. should

36. Mum, what are you cooking? It_______ so sweet.
A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells

37. —More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan

—That"s true. It has become the _______ of Anhui.

A. pride B. effort C. praise D. courage

38. —It"s so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?

—But I don"t know _______. I can do it if not now.
A. why B. when C. how D. where

39. As time____, you"ll come to think of English as your friend and love it.

A. goes by B. runs out C. takes off D. turns up

A gives D- RaAI

40. If my frirends have any problems, my door is ______ open to them.

A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always

41. Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He ____ a speech there in two days.

A. gives B. gave C. will give D. has given

42. —Jim, remember to return this book by Friday.

—_______.

A. Got it B. Good luck C. That"s right D. It"s nothing

43. _______the sun was not yet up, many people were already taking exercise in the square

A. As B. If C. Though D. Because

44. I don"t _______ the heat, for I"m used to hot weather.

A. like B. mind C. know D. stand

45. You can take_______ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother.

A. both B. none C. either D. neither

46. Rose finished her study in the university and went to___ a good job.

A. take after B. look after C. care for D. search for

47. Spend more time talking with your parents, _______they may not well understand you.

A. or B. so C. and D. but

48. As we all know, the Silk Road _______ China to the west in ancient times.

A. connects B. connected C. will connect D. is connecting

49. He is an honest boy. I have no reason to _______ what he said.

A. hear B. doubt C. repeat D. believe

50. —We failed in the singing competition.

—_______. Better times are waiting for you.

A. No way B. Best wishes C. Cheer up D. Good job

word/media/image11.gif.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

In China, very few children make pocket money, 51 , in western countries, most kids make pocket money by themselves. They make money in many different 52 . When kids are very young, their parents help them sell the fruits of their own trees to neighbours. Kids may also help 53 do housework to make money at home. When they 54 sixteen, they can make money by sending newspapers or by working in fast food restaurants, 55 during the summer holidays.

There are many 56 of making pocket money by kids themselves. First of all, they learn the 57 of money by working hard so that they will not waste any. Secondly, they learn to 58 money to buy things they need or want, such as books, pencils, movies and even clothes they like. Thirdly, they learn to 59 the daily life problems by helping their parents or others. Making pocket money is 60 for children when they grow up. That is why parents encourage their
kids to make pocket money.

B

Once there lived a farmer called Henry. He had a brother, Mike, in town who was an excellent gardener. His skill and his beautiful trees were 61 everywhere.

One day, Henry went to town to visit Mike. "Look, my brother," said Mike, "Here is the best 62 tree from my garden. Take it home and 63 it so that you, and your children, and your children"s children can enjoy it.” Henry was 64 with the apple tree and went back home. The next morning, he began to 65 where he should plant it.

"If I plant it on the hill,” said he to himself, "the wind might catch it and 66 flown the fruit; If I plant it close to the road, people who pass by will pick some of them; But if I plant it ..."

67 he planted the tree in the comer behind his house, where no one else could notice it. But the tree bore(结出) no fruit the first year, nor the second. Then Henry sent for his brother and said to him 68 , “You have cheated me. This is the third year and it bring me 69 but leaves.

When Mike saw where the tree was planted, he laughed and said, "You have planted the tree in such a cold corner without 70 or warmth. How, then, could you expect flowers and fruil?"

word/media/image12.gif.补全对话(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)

根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Brian: Hi, Cindy. 71

Cindy; Hi, Brian. It is nice to sec you and so many old classmates.
Brian: So it is. 72
Cindy: You"re right. It"s really a long time.
Brian: Did you see the old photos on the wall?

Cindy: I sure did. _73_

Brian: But those are some great memories.
Cindy: Hey! 74

Brian. Yes, it is. I remember he used to stay up all night studying.
Cindy: 75

Brian: Yes. He was the only one left in the class when he woke up.
Cindy: That was really funny.

71. _________72. _________73. _________74. _________75._________

第三部分 阅读理解（共一大题，满分40分）

word/media/image13.gif.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Tony Wheeler was born to travel. His father worked for an airline. For the first 16 years of his life. Wheeler and his family lived in many different countries.

In the early 1970s, Tony met a young woman named Maureen. They soon married. Before getting jobs, Tony and Maureen wanted to travel. They took a year-long trip from England, through Asia, to Australia. On the trip, they visited places like Iran( 伊朗) . India, and so on.

When Tony and Maureen arrived in Australia, people asked many questions about their trip. To answer these questions, Wheeler wrote a book called Across Asia on the Cheap. The book told people about different countries" weather, customs( 风俗) , and places to see. But unlike other travel books then, Tony Wheeler"s book also talked about places most tourists did not go. He also wrote about unusual things to see and do. The book was very popular.

Tony and Maureen started a company called lonely Planet. They continued travelling. They wrote books for each place they visited. Today, 800 people work for Lonely Planet. The company has over 650 books. Tony Wheeler, the great traveller, still writes about travels to many places and will bring us more surprises.

76. Tony Wheeler and his wife ended the year-long trip in _______.

A. England B. Iran C. India D. Australia

77. Tony Wheeler wrote the book Across Asia on the Cheap to _______.

A. make money for his next trip

B. tell people about his new company

C. draw people"s attention to his family

D. answer people"s questions about his trip

78. How was the book Across Asia on the Cheap different from other travel books then?

A. It was longer and more popular.

B. It was the first travel book in the world.

C. It talked about places most tourists did not go.

D. It talked about a country"s weather and customs.

79. Which of the following is TRUE about Tony Wheeler"s company?

A. His father started it. B. It is an airline company.

C. Hundreds of people work for it. D. It has no books about travelling.

80. The passage mainly talks about _______.

A. a great traveller and his books B. a tour of different countries

C. a great writer and his family D. different kinds of companies

B

"Make-A-Wish” is one of the world"s most well-known charities(慈善机构) . It makes wishes come true for children who have serious illnesses. It gives them hope and joy and helps them forget about their health problems and have fun.

It all started in 1980 in Phoenix, Arizona. Christopher was a 7-year-old boy who was very sick. He always dreamed of becoming a police officer. Tommy Austin and Ron Cox, two police officers, made his wish come true. They gave Christopher a tour of the city in a police helicopter(直升飞机)and made a real police uniform(制服) for him.

There are four kinds of wishes children usually have:

I wish to go. Children usually want to travel or go to a concert, a game or a park.

I wish to meet. Children sometimes want to meet their favourite actors, singers or players.

I wish to be. Some children wish to become actors, singers or police officers.

I wish to have. They often want to have a computer, a game, a bike or many other things.

Let’s hope more wishes Mill come true in the future. People who work in the charity always try for the best. Almost 25 ,000 Volunteers (志愿者) help, work or give money. Will you be one of them?
81. "Make-A-Wish" is a charity to help _______.

A. sick children B. serious officers C. famous actors D. popular singers

82. What did the two police officers do for Christopher?
A. They gave him a computer. B. They gave him a tour of the city.

C. They look him to a concert. D. They took him to the hospital.

83. Which kind of wishes does Christopher have?
A. I wish to go. B. I wish to meet. C. I wish to be. D. I wish to have.

84. The purpose of the last paragraph is to _______.

A. explain what " Make-A-Wish" is

B. encourage more people to join the charity
C. tell us how Christopher"s wish came true

D. introduce different kinds of children"s wishes

85. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Sick children just wish to get well.

B. Christopher and Tommy are two officers.

C. A few people are working for "Make-A-Wish".

D. "Make-A-Wish" has a history of over 30 years.

C

86. You can________ at J&M Music Store.

A. receive guitar lessons B. borrow new or used CDs

C. learn pop music history D. buy all kinds of music books

87. You can go to TImes Coffee Shop to have coffee and pies at_______.

A. 8:30 a.m. B. 9:30 a.m. C. 10:30 p.m. D. 11:30 p.m.

88. If your friend is coming for a visit, where will he stay for a night?

A. In J&M Music Store. B. In Peth Market.

C. At Times Coffee Shop. D. At Macon"s B&B.

89. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. There is no breakfast at Macon"s B&

B. You can"t listen to the CD before you buy it.

C. Times Coffee Shop offers ism music every day.

D. Kids under 12 can get free ice cream in Peth Market

90. Where is the passage probably from?

A. A dictionary. B. A newspaper. C. A story book. D. A science report.

D

North American back bears are shy animals. They are fearful by nature, and will usually run away if they see or hear people. Because of this, it can be difficult for scientists to learn about these animals.

In order to study black bears, researchers from New Jersey, USA, catch bears and use drugs to help them go to sleep. Researchers then work out the size and the weight of the bear, take blood to test for diseases, remove a tooth and take it to the lab to find out its age. From these studies, researchers want to find out how many bears live in New Jersey, how long they live, and how many babies they produce.

But in Minnesota, USA, researchers study bears that are completely awake. The bears know the researchers" voices and they are not afraid of die research team. With the help of a few grapes
to keep the bears busy, researchers can touch them to check their hearts, look at their teeth, and do other jobs. Researchers can also walk or sit with bears for hours and make videos to learn about their everyday lives.

In both places, the main purpose is the same—to make sure there is a healthy population of black bears. But the research methods and the kinds of information that researchers, are able to collect arc quite different.

91. In the first paragraph, we can learn that North American black bears are _______.

A. shy and fearful animals B. not found today

C. well known to scientists D. not afraid of people

92. The word "remove" in the second paragraph probably means _____ in Chinese.

A. 拔下 B.移植 C. 清洗 D. 修补

93. Which of the following may NOT be included in the New Jersey studies on bears?

A. The age. B. The way of their communication.

C. The weight. D. The number of babies they produce.

94. In the Minnesota studies, researchers _____.

A. can never get close to the bears

B. study the bears while they are asleep

C. use grapes to make the bears full

D. learn a lot about the bears" everyday lives

95. What do the two studies have in common?

A. Research places. B. The main purpose.

C. Research methods. D. Collected information.

第四部分 写（共两大题，满分25分）

word/media/image15.gif. 单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)

根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。

96. The Internet is becoming a u _____ (有用的)tool for students.

97. We feel it is our d _____ (责任)to help each other.

98. You are b _____ (勇敢的) enough to accept such a difficult job.

99. I"m afraid we have to c _____ ( 取消)the meeting.

100. Bob has many story books and he often s _____ (分享)thcm with his friends

word/media/image16.gif. 书面表达(共1小题；满分20分)

假定你是王伟,你的英国笔友David来信问及你们学校在署假期间对学生的.要求。请你根据以下要点给他回一封电子邮件。

●家庭安全：小心用火用电,外出时关好门窗；

●游泳安全：不独自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳；

●交通安全: 过马路要当心，不在马路上玩耍。
提示词：electricity(n. 电)
注意：1.词数80-100；

2．请不耍逐句翻译，可适当发挥；
3.文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；

4. 邮件的开头和结尾以为你写好，不计入总词数。

第2篇: 2020年安徽中考数学真题试卷

2019年安徽省初中学业水平考试

化　学

一、本大题包括10小题，每小题2分，共20分。每小题的4个选项中只有1个符合题意。

1. 如图所示活动体现了我国古代劳动人民的勤劳和智慧，其中涉及化学变化的是

2. 我国是今年“世界环境日”活动主办国，保护环境，人人有责。下列做法错误的是

A. 生活购物时，用布袋代替塑料袋

B. 上班上学时，鼓励低碳出行

C. 工作学习中，提倡纸张双面使用

D. 农业生产中，禁止使用化肥

3. 我国科学家最新研制出一种新型石墨烯－铝电池，手机使用这种电池，充电时间短，待机时间长。碳、铝元素的相关信息如图，有关说法正确的是

A. 它们的化学性质相同

B. 碳在地壳中含量最高

C. 铝的原子序数为13

D. 铝的相对原子质量为26.98 g

4. 生活中处处有化学，化学与人体健康密切相关。下列说法错误的是

A. 微量元素与人体健康无关

B. 新鲜蔬菜、水果中含有丰富的维生素

C. 食用甲醛浸泡的食物，危害人体健康

D. 为了自己和他人的健康，不要吸烟

5. 下列实验操作正确的是

6. 我国科学家最近成功合成了世界上首个全氮阴离子盐(化学式为H25N34O3Cl)，该物质是超高能材料，在航空航天上可做推进剂。下列有关该物质的说法正确的是

A. 属于有机物

B. 由四种非金属元素组成

C. H25N34O3Cl中原子总数为62

D. 氢、氮、氧、氯的原子个数比为1∶7∶8∶17

7. 如图是一种处理汽车尾气的反应微观示意图，有关说法正确的是

A. 反应前后分子总数不变

B. 反应前后原子种类发生变化

C. 反应前后均为纯净物

D. 该反应可以减少二氧化氮的排放

8. 某同学用一系列实验探究物质的燃烧，得到下列结论，其中不正确的是

A. 镁条在氧气和二氧化碳中均能燃烧，说明二氧化碳分子中有氧气

B. 玻璃棒不能燃烧而火柴棒可以燃烧，说明燃烧与物质本身性质有关

C. 蜡烛在氧气中比在空气中燃烧更旺，说明燃烧与氧气的浓度有关

D．燃烧是一种化学反应，需考虑两方面因素：反应物(内因)和反应条件(外因)

9. 学习化学，提高学科核心素养，学会从化学的角度分析问题。下列说法正确的是

A．木炭具有疏松多孔的结构，因此具有吸附性

B．盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液混合，无现象，没有发生反应

C．随着铁制品的不断锈蚀，自然界中铁元素的含量不断减少

D．碳酸氢铵有强烈的氨味，是氮肥；尿素没有氨味，不是氮肥

10. 压强为101 kPa下，硝酸钾和氨气在不同温度下的溶解度如下表。下列说法正确的是

A. 两种物质的溶解度均随温度升高而增大

B. 20 ℃时，KNO3饱和溶液中溶质的质量分数为31.6%

C. 60 ℃的KNO3饱和溶液降温至30 ℃，有晶体析出

D. NH3的溶解度与压强大小无关

二、本大题包括5小题，共34分。

11. (5分)能源与环境是社会关注的焦点。如图是某太阳能电池示意图。回答下列问题：

(1)图中所标物质，含有的金属元素是________(填1种即可)，含有的有机合成材料是____________。

(2)太阳能电池中多处使用合金，合金与纯金属相比，有许多优良性能，如：__________________(写出1条即可)。

(3)铜暴露在潮湿的空气中会生锈，即生成铜绿[Cu2(OH)2CO3]，这是铜与O2、H2O、________(填化学式)反应的产物。

(4)推广使用太阳能电池的意义是________(写出1点即可)。

12. (8分)如图是实验室中常见装置，回答下列问题。

(1)仪器a的名称是________。

(2)用装置A进行实验时，首先应________(填序号)。

①加药品　②加热　③检查装置气密性

(3)用A装置制取气体的不足之处是________。

(4)若要收集干燥的CO2，可将含有水蒸气的CO2从装置B的________(填“m”或“n”)端导入，试剂X是________；再用装置________(填“C”或“D”或“E”)收集。

(5)向集满CO2的集气瓶中加入澄清石灰水，反应的化学方程式为________________________________________________________________________。

13. (7分)Ba(NO3)2可用于生产信号弹、炸药等。利用钡泥(主要含有BaCO3、BaSO3、Fe2O3)可制取Ba(NO3)2，其部分流程如下：

(1)Ba(NO3)2中钡元素的化合价为________；流程中所涉及的氧化物是________(填1种即可)。

(2)BaCO3与稀HNO3反应的反应类型是____________；写出Fe2O3与稀HNO3反应的化学方程式：________________________________________________________________________。

(3)试剂Y为________(填序号)。

①BaCl2溶液　②Ba(OH)2溶液　③NaOH溶液

(4)从Ba(NO3)2溶液中析出Ba(NO3)2晶体的方法是________。

14. (7分)某兴趣小组对KClO3分解反应的催化剂进行研究，在相同的加热条件下，用如图装置完成表中实验：

(1)设置实验1的目的是________。

(2)表中所列3种催化剂的催化效果最佳的是________。

(3)写出KClO3分解的化学方程式：________。

(4)由实验1和实验4可知，KCl________(填“有”或“无”)催化作用。维持加热条件不变，用实验1再继续收集50 mL O2，所需时间明显少于171 s，解释原因：________。

(5)要比较KClO3分解反应中不同催化剂的催化效果，除了测量收集50 mL O2所需时间外，还可以测量相同时间内________________________________________________________________________。

15. (7分)某兴趣小组为探究金属活动性强弱，分别做了镁、铝、铜与稀盐酸反应的实验。

(1)比较金属活动性强弱：铝比铜________(填“强”或“弱”)。写出镁与稀盐酸反应的化学方程式：________________________________________________________________________。

(2)小芳同学做镁与稀盐酸反应的实验时，发现试管中出现灰白色沉淀，该小组同学对灰白色沉淀的成分进行如下探究：

【提出假设】假设一：含有氯化镁

假设二：含有镁粉

假设三：含有氢氧化镁

……

【查阅资料】①氯化镁易溶于水；

②在一定条件下，镁可与冷水缓慢反应。

【设计并进行实验】各取少量灰白色沉淀加入2支试管中，进行如下实验：

【得出结论】由实验1可知，假设________不成立；由实验2可知，沉淀中不含________。假设三________(填“成立”或“可能成立”或“不成立”)

【实验反思】实验后同学们请教老师得知，灰白色沉淀的主要成分是碱式氯化镁，碱式氯化镁受热易分解产生氯化氢气体。于是小芳再取少量灰白色沉淀于试管中加热，并将蘸有紫色石蕊溶液的滤纸条悬于试管口，预期的实验现象是________。

注意：若答对第(3)小题奖励4分，化学试卷总分不超过60分。

(3)为探究镁与稀盐酸生成碱式氯化镁的条件，该小组同学进行了如下实验：在小烧杯中加入一定量稀盐酸和去除氧化膜的镁带，观察实验现象，并测量溶液pH的变化。结果见下表：

根据表中信息回答下列问题：

①请描述溶液pH变化的规律并解释原因：________。

②请对生成碱式氯化镁的条件提出猜想，并设计实验证明猜想：________。

三、本大题共6分。

16. (6分)侯德榜是我国著名的化学家，发明了侯氏制碱法，其反应原理如下：

NaCl＋CO2＋NH3＋H2O=== NaHCO3＋NH4Cl，请计算：

(1)氯化铵中氮元素的质量分数。

(2)生产8.4 t碳酸氢钠，理论上需要氯化钠的质量。

2019安徽化学真题解析

1. C　【解析】化学变化和物理变化的本质区别为是否有其他物质生成。生火的过程中有二氧化碳等物质生成，属于化学变化；织布、耕田、灌溉的过程中均没有其他物质生成，属于物理变化；故选C。

2. D　【解析】生活购物时，用布袋代替塑料袋，可以节约资源，减少“白色污染”，A正确；上班上学时，鼓励低碳出行，可以减少二氧化碳的产生，减缓温室效应，B正确；工作学习中，提倡纸张双面使用，可以减少树木的砍伐，保护森林资源，有利于环境的保护，C正确；目前化肥对农作物的增产、农业的丰收有不可替代的作用，因此农业生产中应合理使用化肥，而不是禁止使用化肥，D错误。

3. C　【解析】元素的化学性质由原子的最外层电子数决定，碳原子最外层电子数为4，铝原子的最外层电子数为3，所以它们的化学性质不相同，A错误；地壳中元素含量由高到低的前四位元素依次是氧、硅、铝、铁，B错误；元素周期表的一格中左上角的数字表示原子序数，所以铝的原子序数为13，C正确；相对原子质量的单位为“1”，一般省略不写，故铝的相对原子质量为26.98，D错误。

4. A　【解析】微量元素与人体健康息息相关，如铁元素属于微量元素，人体缺铁会患缺铁性贫血，A错误；维生素的主要来源是水果、蔬菜，B正确；甲醛会使蛋白质变性，因此食用甲醛浸泡的食物会危害人体健康，C正确；烟气中含有尼古丁、一氧化碳等多种对人体有害的物质，因此为了自己和他人的健康，不要吸烟，D正确。

5. B　【解析】滴加液体时，胶头滴管应竖直悬空在试管口的正上方，不能触碰试管壁，也不能伸入试管中，否则会污染试剂，A错误；点燃酒精灯时，应用燃着的火柴去点燃，B正确；量取液体时，视线应与量筒内液体凹液面的最低处相平，俯视读数会导致读数偏大，而实际量取的液体体积偏小，C错误；称量固体物质时，应注意“左物右码”的原则，D错误。

6. B　【解析】全氮阴离子盐中不含碳元素，属于无机物，A错误；全氮阴离子盐由氮、氢、氧、氯四种非金属元素组成，B正确；一个全氮阴离子盐分子含有的原子个数为25＋34＋3＋1＝63，C错误；全氮阴离子盐中氢、氮、氧、氯的原子个数比为25∶34∶3∶1，D错误。

7. D　【解析】由反应的微观示意图可知，该反应的化学方程式为CH4＋2NO2063449ab0a781e410c48245c4cf6cbb0.png CO2＋2H2O＋N2。反应前有3个分子，反应后有4个分子，反应后分子总数增多，A错误；由质量守恒定律可知，化学反应前后原子种类不发生改变，B错误；反应物和生成物都包含两种或两种以上的物质，所以反应前后均为混合物，C错误；该反应可将NO2转化为N2，所以该反应可以减少二氧化氮的排放，D正确。

8. A　【解析】二氧化碳由二氧化碳分子构成，1个二氧化碳分子含有2个氧原子，二氧化碳分子中不含氧气，A错误；玻璃棒不能燃烧，而火柴棒可以燃烧，是因为玻璃棒不属于可燃物，火柴棒属于可燃物，说明燃烧与物质本身性质有关，B正确；空气中氧气的含量约为21%，而蜡烛在氧气中比在空气中燃烧更旺，说明燃烧与氧气的浓度有关，C正确；化学反应的进行与反应物(内因)和反应条件(外因)有关，而燃烧是一种剧烈的氧化反应，故需考虑这两方面因素，D正确。

9. A　【解析】木炭具有疏松多孔的结构，因此具有吸附性，A正确；盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液混合后，虽然没有明显的现象，但二者确实发生了反应，生成氯化钠和水，B错误；随着铁制品的不断锈蚀，自然界中的铁单质变成了含铁化合物，但化学反应前后元素的质量不变，故铁元素的量并没有减少，C错误；氮肥是指含有植物生长所需的氮、磷、钾三种营养元素中的氮元素的化肥，碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3)、尿素[CO(NH2)]2中均含有氮元素，属于氮肥，D错误。

10. C　【解析】由表格中的数据可知，压强一定时，KNO3的溶解度随温度的升高而增大，氨气的溶解度随温度的升高而减少，A错误；20 ℃时，KNO3的溶解度为31.6 g，其饱和溶液的溶质质量分数为23772a82882200d620874bd3ee1789af.png×100%≈24.0%，B错误；KNO3的溶解度随温度的升高而增大，60 ℃时的KNO3饱和溶液降温至30 ℃，一定有晶体析出，C正确；气体的溶解度不仅与温度有关，也与压强有关。一定温度下，压强越大，气体的溶解度越大，D错误。

11. (5分)(1)铜(或铝、铁，填元素符号也可)(1分)　塑料(1分)　(2)硬度大(或抗腐蚀性强，合理即可)(1分)　(3)CO2(1分)　(4)节约化石燃料(或环保等，合理即可)

【解析】(2)合金与纯金属相比，具有硬度大、抗腐蚀性强、熔点低等优点。(3)“铜暴露在潮湿的空气中会生锈”，由铜绿的元素组成和空气的成分可知，铜绿是铜与O2、H2O、CO2反应的产物。(4)太阳能属于清洁能源，大力推广使用太阳能电池的意义是节约化石燃料、保护环境。

12. (8分)(1)锥形瓶(1分)　(2)③(1分)　(3)不能随时控制反应的发生和停止(合理即可)(1分)　(4)m(1分)浓硫酸(1分)　 E(1分)　(5)CO2＋Ca(OH)2=== CaCO3↓＋H2O(2分)

【解析】(2)用装置A进行实验时，首先应检查装置的气密性。(3)用A装置制取气体时，固体药品放在锥形瓶底，液体药品从长颈漏斗的上端口加入，由于无法随时使固体和液体分离、无法控制液体的滴加速度，所以A装置的不足之处是不能随时控制反应的发生和停止、不能控制反应的速率。(4)用多功能瓶进行干燥气体时，应长进短出，故含有水蒸气的CO2气体从B装置的m端导入；二氧化碳属于酸性气体，故气体干燥剂X应选择浓硫酸；CO2的密度比空气大，能溶于水且与水反应，所以收集CO2用向上排空气法收集，应选E装置。(5)二氧化碳与氢氧化钙反应生成碳酸钙白色沉淀和水，反应的化学方程式为CO2＋Ca(OH)2=== CaCO3↓＋H2O。

13. (7分)(1)＋2(1分)　氧化铁(或二氧化碳，或水，填化学式也可)(1分)　(2)复分解反应(1分)　Fe2O3＋6HNO3=== 2Fe(NO3)3＋3H2O(2分)　(3)②(1分)(4)蒸发溶剂(合理即可)(1分)

【解析】(1)根据化合物中各元素正负化合价的代数和为零，已知NOce9c69d5cb1b9213c6ffec8fa0bdb26e.png显－1价，所以Ba(NO3)2中Ba元素的化合价为＋2；流程中涉及的氧化物有氧化铁、二氧化碳、水。(2)BaCO3与HNO3反应生成Ba(NO3)2、H2O和CO2，属于复分解反应；氧化铁与硝酸反应生成硝酸铁和水，反应的化学方程式为Fe2O3＋6HNO3=== 2Fe(NO3)3＋3H2O。(3)Ba(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3的混合溶液通过加入试剂Y生成了Fe(OH)3沉淀和Ba(NO3)2溶液，所以试剂Y是Ba(OH)2溶液。(4)从Ba(NO3)2溶液中得到Ba(NO3)2晶体的方法是蒸发溶剂或蒸发结晶。

14. (7分)(1)对照实验(1分)　(2)MnO2(1分)

(3)2KClO37c7e4324149e2d8bced1764026ae391d.png 2KCl＋3O2↑(或2KClO3d5fa2d275afa9e747db6c532f7106ca4.png 2KCl＋3O2↑，或2KClO31212672b04537c4c381df3425b73d986.png 2KCl＋3O2↑或2KClO37cedf0e8eb9ee23b80887ac7d41f80b1.png 2KCl＋3O2↑)(2分)　 有(1分)　随着反应的进行，生成的催化剂KCl越来越多，使反应速率加快(1分)　 (5)收集的氧气体积(1分)

【解析】(1)本题是对KClO3分解反应的催化剂进行探究，实验1中未加催化剂，其他实验都加催化剂，所以实验1的目的是作对照实验，与后面加入催化剂的实验作对比，验证催化剂是否加快了反应速率。(2)从表格中的数据可知，加入了MnO2的实验中收集50 mL气体所需时间最短，反应速率最快，所以3种催化剂中催化效果最佳的是MnO2。(3)根据表中数据可知，三种物质均可作为该反应的催化剂，KClO3在催化剂作用下，受热分解生成KCl和O2，据此写出反应的化学方程式。(4)由实验1和实验4对比可知，KCl有催化作用；维持加热条件不变，用实验1再继续收集50 mL O2，所需时间明显少于171s，原因是随着反应的进行，生成的催化剂KCl越来越多，使反应速率加快。(5)要比较KClO3分解反应中不同催化剂的催化效果，除了测量收集50 mL O2所需时间外，还可以测量相同时间内收集O2的体积大小。

15. (7分)(1)强(1分)　 Mg＋2HCl=== MgCl2＋H2↑(2分)　(2)【得出结论】一(1分)　 镁粉(1分)　可能成立(1分)　【实验反思】紫色滤纸条逐渐变为红色　注意：若答对第(3)小题奖励4分，化学试卷总分不超过60分。(3)①溶液pH逐渐增大，最后呈碱性；反应前期pH变化较快，反应后期pH变化较慢，最后pH不变。因为前期盐酸浓度较大，反应较快，随着反应的进行盐酸逐渐被消耗，但镁在溶液中继续缓慢反应，生成碱性物质，最后反应完成　②猜想：金属镁过量。设计实验：取两只烧杯，各加入等量的稀盐酸，分别加入少量和过量去除氧化膜的镁带，观察现象，如果前者无沉淀而后者有沉淀，证明猜想成立(合理即可)

【解析】(1)由金属活动性顺序可知，铝的金属活动性比铜强。镁与稀盐酸反应生成氯化镁和水，反应的化学方程式为Mg＋2HCl=== MgCl2＋H2↑。(2)【得出结论】由查阅资料中氯化镁易溶于水，实验1中向灰白色沉淀中加蒸馏水，沉淀未减少，由此可知，猜想一不正确。镁与稀盐酸反应会有气体生成，实验2中向灰白色沉淀中加入适量稀盐酸，沉淀全部溶解，没有气泡产生，由此可知，沉淀中不含镁粉。氢氧化镁难溶于水，且与酸反应没有气体生成，均符合实验1、2中的现象，灰白色沉淀可能是氢氧化镁，假设3可能成立。【实验反思】灰白色沉淀的主要成分是碱式氯化镁，碱式氯化镁受热分解会产生氯化氢气体，氯化氢气体溶于水形成盐酸，遇蘸有紫色石蕊溶液的滤纸条，会使滤纸条由紫色逐渐变红。注意：若答对第(3)小题奖励4分，化学试卷总分不超过60分。(3)①由表格中的数据可知，溶液pH逐渐增大，最后呈碱性；反应前期pH变化较快，反应后期pH变化较慢，最后pH不变。因为前期盐酸浓度较大，反应较快，随着反应的进行盐酸逐渐被消耗，但镁在溶液中继续缓慢反应，生成碱性物质，最后反应完成。②提出猜想：镁条过量，盐酸浓度低等均可能导致生成碱式氯化镁，据此设计实验验证。

16. (6分)解：(1)氯化铵中氮元素的质量分数为4ecf8cf957f31b1fa6fde7791921c949.png×100%≈26.2%。

(2)设生产8.4 t碳酸氢钠理论上需要氯化钠的质量为x

NaCl＋CO2＋NH3＋H2O=== NaHCO3＋NH4Cl

58．5　　　　　　　　　　　　84

x　　　　　　　　　　　　　8.4 t

5f64d3042cde700029f9571a2bc6b816.png＝69a3874482839cbf5c4ad074c54483e8.png　　　x＝5.85 t

答：(1)氯化铵中氮元素的质量分数约为26.2%；(2)生产8.4 t碳酸氢钠，理论上需要氯化钠的质量为5.85 t。

第3篇: 2020年安徽中考数学真题试卷

2015年安徽省中考物理试题参考答案

安庆蓝天实验学校 操瑞祥老师整理

1、音调

2、做无规则运动

3、大

4、a

5、电磁感应现象

6、5 变大

7、 5000

8、1.2

9、500 5

10、略

11、B

12、D

13、C

14、A

15、D

16、B

17、A

18、(1)略 (2)C

19、③读出量筒中盐水的体积为V （3）

20、(1)b （2）2.9 断开开关 （3）换最大阻值更大的滑动变阻器（或串联一个定值电阻）

21、（1）根据二力平衡和力的作用是相互的证得： （2）

22、

23、(1)证明过程比较多，公式编辑器输入好麻烦，暂略。

（3）并联的用电器越多R` 越小，R`与r串联分压，用电器分压越小则实际功率越小。

第4篇: 2020年安徽中考数学真题试卷

2015年安徽省中考物理试题参考答案

安庆蓝天实验学校 操瑞祥老师整理

1、音调

2、做无规则运动

3、大

4、a

5、电磁感应现象

6、5 变大

7、 5000

8、1.2

9、500 5

10、略

11、B

12、D

13、C

14、A

15、D

16、B

17、A

18、(1)略 (2)C

19、③读出量筒中盐水的体积为V （3）

20、(1)b （2）2.9 断开开关 （3）换最大阻值更大的滑动变阻器（或串联一个定值电阻）

21、（1）根据二力平衡和力的作用是相互的证得： （2）

22、

23、(1)证明过程比较多，公式编辑器输入好麻烦，暂略。

（3）并联的用电器越多R` 越小，R`与r串联分压，用电器分压越小则实际功率越小。